Recombinant conglutinin and producing method thereof

ABSTRACT

A recombinant conglutinin containing a collagen region comprising six amino acid residues containing two amino acid sequences Gly-Xaa-Xaa (SEQ ID) NO:3, Xaa representing a protein-constituting amino acid residue), a neck region of natural conglutinin and a sugar-chain recognition region of natural conglutinin, having an antiviral activity (neutralizing activity), and being expected to be applicable for medicinal uses.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to recombinant conglutinin having anti-virus activities (neutralization activities) which are expected to be applied to medicines and producing method thereof.

BACKGROUND ART

Conglutinin is an animal lectin belonged to calcium-dependent mammalian C-type lectin family and existed in the bovine serum. Whole amino acids sequence (SEQ ID No.:1) had been analyzed by Lee et al., [Lee et al., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 266, pp. 2715-2723, 1991].

C-type lectin comprises basic unit having the four unique regions of (1) N-terminal region contained much cysteine, (2) collagen-like region, (3) neck region and (4) carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) [Malhortra et al., European Journal Immunology, Vol. 22, pp. 1437-1445, 1992].

Besides conglutinin, C-type lectin includes Mannan-Binding Proteins (MBP), Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) and Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), and they are generally called as collectin.

In vertebrates, mechanisms involving specific antibody reaction and immune response through the cells are considered as a main host-defense system against inversion of the pathogenic bacteria. However, recently, non-specific immune response by these lectins seems that it may play an important role to neutralize and remove the various microorganisms in the puerile subjects having the maternal transmigration antibody and the undeveloped specific defense system [Super et al., Lancet, Vol. 11, pp. 1236-1239, 1989].

Regarding the role of these lectins on biological defense in host organism, it is reported that infection will be easily spread by, for example, the reduction of the mannan-binding protein concentration in blood due to genetic mutation of the mannan-binding protein [Sumiya et al., Lancet, Vol. 337, pp. 1569-1570, 1991].

The present inventor once reported that the conglutinin and the mannan-binding protein inhibit infection and hemagglutination inhibition activity of H1 and H3 Type Influenza A Viruses (Wakamiya et al., Glycoconjugate J., Vol. 8, p. 235, 1991; Wakamiya et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., Vol. 187, pp. 1270-1278, 1992).

Thereafter, the research group of the present inventor isolated cDNA clone encoding the conglutinin and found that there is the closer correlation between gene of the conglutinin and that from the various surfactant protein-D [Suzuki et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., Vol. 191, pp. 335-342, 1993].

Accordingly, the conglutinin have been expected as useful material for physiologically active medicine component, but amount of the conglutinin to be obtained from the bovine serum is less. Further, continuous production of the conglutinin is quite difficult because source thereof is completely depended on an animal body. Expression of the conglutinin in Escherichia coli by the genetic recombinant techniques had been tried to realize the large scale production of the conglutinin.

In such process, first of all, whole cDNA of the conglutinin was amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method, then the amplified genes were introduced into the expression vector pRSET-A and were expressed with M13/T7 phage. The recombinant conglutinin obtained was analyzed. Although expression of the recombinant conglutinin had been confirmed, expressed amounts are less to be barely detected by Western blotting. This approach is inconvenient to the large-scale production of the conglutinin.

Similar methods had also been tried by using another expression vectors, but the same or less expression level had merely detected by any of the vectors. Anyway, an effective expression system have not been realized yet in the art. This seems due to difficulties in expressing the conglutinin because Escherichia coli does not possess proteins of the structure like collagen-like region. Further, yield of the conglutinin produced from an eukaryotic cells is little, and some of the conglutinin may sometimes have an inappropriate post-transcriptional modification.

As stated above, although the conglutinin have been expected as an useful medicine component, neither the natural source nor the genetic recombinant techniques could provide the large amount of the conglutinin.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present inventions are established to solve the aforenoted problems in the prior art, and they are based on the findings that large amount of the present recombinant conglutinin can be produced according to the previously noted expression system, wherein the recombinant conglutinin comprises (i) a part of the collagen region of the conglutinin consisting of 171 amino acids sequence (SEQ ID No.: 2), namely, an extremely short collagen region consisting of six amino acids comprising two units of amino acids sequence of Gly-Xaa-Xaa (SEQ ID No.: 3; 2nd and 3rd amino acids are protein-constituting amino acid), (ii) the neck region and (iii) the carbohydrate recognition domain.

Despite that the recombinant conglutinin of the present invention comprises the extremely short collagen region, the neck region and the carbohydrate recognition domain, they maintain the similar activities to be expressed by the native conglutinin including the activities of the sugar binding specificities, conglutination activities depending on calcium, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activities against Influenza A viruses, neutralization activities and viral growth (infection spread) inhibition activities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a vector to transform subjects with the recombinant conglutinin DNA;

FIG. 2 shows a result of SDS-PAGE on the recombinant fusion conglutinin;

FIGS. 3a and 3b shows a result of absorbance, CBB staining and Western blotting on each fraction by Mannan-Sepharose Affinity Chromatography;

FIG. 4 shows a result of SDS-PAGE on the fractions treated with bis(sulfosuccinymidil)suberate;

FIGS. 5a-c show a result of gel filtration chromatography on the recombinant conglutinin;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing binding-activity between mannan and the recombinant conglutinin or that containing 20 mM N-acetylglucosamine;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing binding-activity between mannan and the recombinant conglutinin or that containing 10 mM EDTA;

FIG. 8 shows conglutination activities on the recombinant conglutinin and the native conglutinin with mictotiter plate assay system;

FIG. 9 shows hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activities on the native conglutinin and the recombinant conglutinin; and

FIGS. 10a and b show viral growth (infection spread) inhibition activities on the recombinant conglutinin (rBKg-CRD).

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The recombinant conglutinin of the present inventions will be explained in detail along with the following Examples, but, as a matter of course, scope of the present inventions should not be limited based on the disclosures of the Examples.

Examples are consisting of, expression of conglutinin fragments in Escherichia coli (Example 1), structural analysis on the recombinant conglutinin (Example 2), evaluation on sugar binding activities of the recombinant conglutinin and the native conglutinin (Example 3), evaluation on conglutination activities of the recombinant conglutinin (Example 4), activities on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) (Example 5), neutralization activities (Example 6), and activities on viral growth (infection spread) inhibition (Example 7).

EXAMPLE 1 Expression of Conglutinin Fragments in Escherichia coli

(1) Preparation of Conglutinin DNA Fragments with RT-PCR

In accordance with the method by Suzuki et a., (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., Vol. 191, pp. 335-342, 1993), primers for PCR containing the following sequences were designed based on cDNA of the bovine conglutinin and were synthesized. Each of these primers has cleavage sites of the restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI.

5'-GGCTCGAGGGGGAGAGTGGGCTTGCAGA-3' (SEQ ID No.: 4)

5'-GGGAATTCTCAAAACTCGCAGATCACAA-3' (SEQ ID No.: 5)

50 μl of reaction mixture was used as a sample containing 1×buffer, 1 μM primers, 200 μM dNTPs, 1 U Deep Bent DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs) and 10 ng cDNA. Using PCR reactor of Atto (Zymoreactor (Registered Trademark)), PCR was performed for 35 cycles, each cycle of which consists of denaturation at 92° C. for one minute, annealing at 60° C. for one minute and elongation at 72° C. for two minutes. PCR products of 497 bp was produced.

(2) Preparation of Transformants by Conglutinin Fragments

PCR products of Example 1(1) were digested with the restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI, then were inserted into the expression vector pRSET-A (Invitrogen) with DNA ligation kit (Takara Shuzo). Ligation solution was then transfected into Escherichia coli JM109 and transformants was obtained that have the conglutinin DNA fragments corresponding to 631 bp through 1113 bp of the native conglutinin DNA (FIG. 1).

Sequences of these fragments were corresponding to 191^(st) through 351^(st) amino acids of native conglutinin, namely, PCR exactly amplified the sequences having the short collagen region, the neck region and the carbohydrate recognition domain. Further, there was no error in the PCR reaction. Accordingly, desirous stable transformants were obtained which can remarkably produce such conglutinin DNA fragments.

(3) Expression and Purification of Recombinant Conglutinin Proteins

Transformed single colony containing whole insert (conglutinin DNA fragment) was incubated overnight at 37° C. on SOB medium (containing 50 μg/l ampicillin). 1.2 ml of culture solution was inoculated onto 200 ml SOB medium (containing 50 μg/l ampicillin) and cells were allowed to grow to be approximately 0.3 of OD₆₀₀ nm. Isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactoside (IPTG) was then added to become final concentration of 1 mM and the culture was grown for additional one hour. The cells were infected at MOI 5 pfu/cell with M13 phage containing T7ΔRNA polymerase gene driven by the Escherichia coli lactose promoter and incubated for another three hours. Bacteria was collected by centrifugating the culture solution at 3,000 g for 15 minutes.

Pellets of bacteria were suspended in 20 ml Buffer A (guanidine chloride 6 M, sodium phosphate 20 mM, sodium chloride 500 mM, pH 7.8) and were lysed with sonication (15 seconds, power 70%, 10 times). After centrifugation at 43,000 g for 30 minutes, Nickel-NTA agarose (Qiagen) was added to the supernatant and they were left for 15 minutes.

Products were poured into a column. The column was washed with TBS/NT solution (Tris-HCl 20 mM, sodium chloride 140 mM, 0.05% sodium azide, 0.05% Tween 20 (Registered Trade Mark), pH 7.4) and further with TBS/NTC solution (TBS/NT solution containing 5 mM calcium chloride). Fusion proteins were eluted with TBS/NTC solution containing 0.5 mM imidazole. Eluted solution was dialyzed three times against 1,000 times volume of TBS/NTC solution. After dialysis and centrifugation of the samples, the supernatant was poured into the Mannan-Sepharose Column (Affinity Column prepared by binding Mannan (Sigma) to CNBr activated Sepharose 4B (Pharmacia)). After washing with the TBS/NTC solution, proteins in the column were eluted with TBS/NTC solution containing 5 mM N-acetylglucosamine.

Purity of the recombinant conglutinin produced was determined by SDS-PAGE or Western blotting as noted later.

(4) SDS-PAGE

In SDS-PAGE, polyacrylamide gel having the 4-20% concentration gradient was employed. Polypeptide was stained with 1% Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB). Results were shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, Lane M is standard proteins, Lane 1 is a lysate of whole cell, Lane 2 is a soluble fraction by guanidine chloride, Lane 3 is an insoluble fraction by guanidine chloride, Lane 4 is an eluted fraction from nickel-agarose column and Lane 5 is an eluted fraction from Mannan-Sepharose column. Although the molecular weight of the recombinant fusion conglutinin deduced from the amino acids sequences was 22.5 kDa, the molecular weight analyzed by SDS-PAGE was 27 kDa. Despite the digestion of the recombinant conglutinin with an enterokinase was not well, N-terminal amino acids sequence in the digested minor recombinant conglutinin was coincided with that of the matured conglutinin.

(5) Mannan-Sephalose Affinity Chromatography, SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting on Each Fraction

Eluted fractions from Mannan-Sephalose Column were analyzed by SDS-PAGE under the conditions of polyacrylamide gel having 4-20% concentration gradient and 1% Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and were incubated with 2,000-fold diluted rabbit anti-conglutinin serum. Then, they were reacted with anti-rabbit IgG-conjugated biotin (Vector) and finally with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin (BRL). NBT/BCIP (BRL) was used as substrate for the alkaline phosphatase.

Elution pattern was shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b. Like the native conglutinin, the recombinant conglutinin had been eluted with 5 mM N-acetylglucosamine. This is to demonstrate that these fusion proteins have strong affinity against mannan. Final yield of the purified recombinant conglutinin was 2.8 mg per one liter of culture solution of Escherichia coli.

EXAMPLE 2 Structural Analysis of Recombinant Conglutinin

(1) Cross-linking of Recombinant Fusion Conglutinin

Native conglutinin consists of enneamer (9 mer) through octadecamer (18 mer) polypeptides (Kawasaki et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., Vol. 305, pp. 533-540, 1993). Molecular weight of the biggest polymer is approximately 1,000 kDa, and structure of the typical polymer forms four cross-shaped trimer (Strang et al., Biochem. J., Vol. 234, pp. 381-389, 1986). Then, the structure of the recombinant conglutinin had also been analyzed.

The recombinant conglutinin proteins were dissolved with the PBS buffer containing 10 mM calcium chloride in the concentration of 22.8 μg/ml. Samples were treated at 37° C. for 20 minutes with 0 mM, 0.15 mM, 0.3 mM, 0.6 mM, 1.2 mM, 2.5 mM and 5 mM bis(sulfosuccinymidil)suberate, and were analyzed with SDS-PAGE of 4-20% concentration gradient. Results were shown in FIG. 4. It was confirmed from the results of FIG. 4 that the recombinant fusion conglutinin consists of the monomer and the trimer having the molecular weight of 27 kDa.

(2) Gel Filtration Chromatography

Purified recombinant conglutinin was applied to Superose 6 (Pharmacia) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/minute with TBS buffer containing 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0. Then, 40 μg of the recombinant conglutinin was applied to this column. Fractions were monitored at 280 nm. Amount of the collected recombinant proteins were assayed with Coomassie Proteins Assay Reagent (Pierce).

Each fraction was then applied to Sandwich ELISA System employing the following anti-bovine conglutinin rabbit serum. Standard Molecular Weight Kit of Pharmacia (thyroglobulin (THY), ferritin (FER), catalase, aldolase (ALD), albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA), chymotrypsinogen A (CHY), ribonuclease A) was used to calibrate the column. As shown in FIGS. 5a-5c, three major peaks of 94 kDa (31^(st) fraction), 39 kDa (34^(th) fraction) and 4.6 kDa (39^(th) fraction) had been found. However, no protein was detected in the 39^(th) fraction by a quantitive analysis. Fraction of 4.6 kDa had not been stained in the silver staining of SDS gels. This fraction was identified as non-peptide by the ultraviolet absorbance at 200 nm and 280 nm. Based on the above results, it is apparent that the conglutinin may form trimer without the collagen region. Further, these results correspond to the facts that, like the conglutinin, the recombinant human mannan-binding protein or bovine lung surfactant protein D respectively belonged to C-type lectin forms trimer through the neck region without the collagen region (Sheriff et al., Nature Struct. Biol., Vol. 1, pp. 789-794, 1994; Hoppe et al., FEBS Lett., Vol. 344, pp. 191-195, 1994).

EXAMPLE 3 Sugar Binding Activities by Recombinant Conglutinin and Native Conglutinin

(1) Sugar Binding Activities

Microtiter Plates were coated with 100 μl coating buffer (15 mM sodium carbonate, 35 mM sodium hydrogen carbonate, 0.05% sodium azide, pH 9.6) containing yeast mannan (10 μg/ml) at 4° C. overnight. After each treatment step, the plates were washed three times with TBS/NTC solution (20 mM Tris-HCl, 140 mM sodium chloride, 0.05% sodium azide, 0.05% Tween 20 (Registered Trade Mark), pH 7.4, 5 mM calcium chloride). After completing the coating of the plates, the plates were treated and blocked with TBS/NTC solution containing 1% bovine serum albumin at room temperature for one hour.

Single dilution (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 ng/ml) of the recombinant conglutinin or the native conglutinin, or mix dilution of the various sugars and such single dilution were added to TBS/NTC or TBS/NTC containing 20 mM N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (A) or 10 mM EDTA.

Rabbit anti-native conglutinin serum and goat anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugates (Bio-Rad) respectively 1,000 or 2,000-fold diluted with TBS/NTCB were added thereto and they were incubated at 37° C. for one hour. Finally, 100 μl of TMB substrates (TMB Microwell Peroxidase Substrates System; KPL) was added to each well. Before or after the addition of 100 μl of 1M phosphoric acid, absorbance at 450 or 655 nm was measured (TiterTech MultiScan Plus MKII Plate Reader; Flow Rubs). Then, evaluation on sugar inhibiting activities were performed according to the method of Lu et al., (Biochem. J, Vol. 284, pp. 795-802, 1992) employing this ELISA system.

After coating the microtiter plates with yeast mannan (1 μg/well), the recombinant conglutinins were reacted with sugars. Sugar binding specificity (I₅₀) was shown as sugar concentration to halve binding activities. Results are shown in Table 1. Obviously from Table 1, sugar binding activities with the recombinant conglutinin are substantially same to that of the native conglutinin. Then, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, like the native conglutinin, binding activities of the recombinant conglutinin were depended on calcium ion.

Further, these binding activities were inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine. On the other hand, tags of histidine fused to the recombinant conglutinin were not involved in the binding activities to mannan and binding specificities.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         Sugar Binding Specificities on                                                 Recombinant Conglutinin and Native Conglutinin                                              I.sub.50 (mM)*                                                                              Native                                                            Recombinant Conglutinin                                                                     Conglutinin**                                        ______________________________________                                         N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine                                                                        0.65           1.4                                              Fucose                        41.5                                             L-Fucose       37.8                                                            D-Fucose       55.3                                                            D-Mannose      12.3           19.5                                             Maltose        25.8           49.0                                             N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine                                                                        26.6                                                            Glucose        39.5           41.5                                             Galactose      46.8           >100                                             N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine                                                                      ∞***                                                      Lactose        >100           ∞***                                       ______________________________________                                          *Sugar concentration to halve binding activity with mannan.                    **: Lu, J. et al., Biochem. J., vol. 284, pp.795-802 (1992)                    ***Inhibitionactivity was not detected.                                  

EXAMPLE 4 Conglutination Activities by Recombinant Conglutinin

Conglutination activities by the recombinant conglutinin and the native conglutinin were evaluated by Microtiter plate assay system. Sheep erythrocyte cells with iC3b were prepared according to the method of Wakamiya et al., (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., Vol. 187, pp. 1270-1278, 1992). Namely, 1% sheep erythrocyte cells with iC3b were prepared by priming with a mixture of ten-fold diluted fresh horse serum and equivalent amount of anti-Forssmann antibody, and incubated at 37° C. for ten minutes.

50 μl of 1% sheep erythrocyte cells with iC3b and 50 μl of the recombinant conglutinin or 50 μl of the native conglutinin was added to the raw veronal buffer or the veronal buffer containing 30 mM N-acetylglucosamine. Then, they were incubated at 37° C. and the conglutination activities thereon were detected. The lowest concentration of the proteins to cause agglutination is regarded as titer of conglutination, then the results are shown in FIG. 8. In FIG. 8, Lane A is the native conglutinin, Lane B is the recombinant conglutinin and Lane C is the recombinant conglutinin containing 30 mM N-acetylglucosamine. Titer of conglutination on the native conglutinin was 0.16 μg/ml, while that of the recombinant conglutinin was 1.3-2.5 μg/ml. Such activities were completely inhibited by 30 mM N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).

EXAMPLE 5 Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Activities

(1) Viruses

Influenza A virus, namely, Influenza A virus A/Ibaraki/1/90 (H3N2:Influenza A virus (A-Hong Kong)), A/Osaka/869/95 (H3N2), A/Beijing/352/89 (H3N2), A/Adachi/1/57 (H2N2) and A/Suita/1/89 (H1N1:Influenza A virus (A-U.S.S.R.)) were used to evaluate Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Activities. Viruses were proliferated with CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) according to the standard method and were stored at -70° C. until use. As a growth medium for the viruses, Eagle MEM medium containing 3% vitamin for tissue cultures, 0.2% albumin, 0.1% glucose and 0.2 ng/ml acetylated trypsine was used.

(2) Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Activities by Recombinant Conglutinin

In accordance with the method of Okuno et al., (J. Clin. Microbiol., Vol. 28, pp. 1308-1313, 1990), experiments were performed by 96-well microtiter plates with 1% chick's erythrocytes. The ether-treated virus antigens from an hen egg antigen was used. No additive had been added to mixed cultivation solution of TBS/C (TBS solution containing 5 mM sodium chloride) except for 30 mM N-acetylglucosamine or 10 mM EDTA. After incubation at room temperature for one hour, effects on the recombinant conglutinin fragments (rBKg-CRD) against viral hemagglutination on chick's erythrocytes were observed. Results are shown in Table 2. Results on Influenza A virus A/Ibaraki/1/90 are shown in FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, Lane A is the native conglutinin, and Lanes B, C and D are directed to the recombinant conglutinin fragments, in which the Lane B is no additives, Lane C is added thereto 30 mM N-acetylglucosamine and Lane D is added thereto 10 mM EDTA.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Expression Concentration (μg/ml) on Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI)        by Recombinant Conglutinin and Native Conglutinin                              Virus        Recombinant Conglutinin                                                                       Native Conglutinin                                 ______________________________________                                         A/Suita/1/89(H1N1)                                                                          0.15-0.3       0.08                                               A/Adachi/1/57(H2N2)                                                                         >5             >5                                                 A/Ibaraki/1/90(H3N2)                                                                        0.08-0.3       0.08                                               A/Beijing/352/89(H3N2)                                                                      0.3            nt*                                                A/Osaka/869/95(H3N2)                                                                        0.15           nt*                                                ______________________________________                                          *Not tested.                                                             

Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) activities were depended on dosages and calcium. Further, Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) activities of the recombinant conglutinin is substantially same level to the titer of the native conglutinin, rat surfactant protein D, human surfactant protein D (Hartshorn et al., J. Clin. Invest., Vol. 94, pp. 311-319, 1994).

EXAMPLE 6 Neutralization Activities

(1) Viruses

Influenza A virus, namely, Influenza A virus A/Ibaraki/1/90 (H3N2:Influenza A virus (A-Hong Kong)) and A/Suita/1/89 (H1N1:Influenza A virus (A-U.S.S.R.)) were used.

(2) Neutralization Activities

Neutralization activities were evaluated according to the method of Okuno et al., (J. Clin. Microbiol., Vol. 28, pp. 1308-1313, 1990). Influenza viruses and the recombinant conglutinin were mixed on 96-well microtiter plate, and the mixtures were incubated for several days in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells grown in the Eagle MEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Then, the neutralization activities by the various conglutinin were detected. The focuses infected by Influenza viruses were detected by anti-influenza virus mouse monoclonal antibody, anti-mouse IgG goat serum, and peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining system.

Neutralization activities by the recombinant conglutinin and the native conglutinin were shown in the following Table 3. Neutralization titer was shown as concentration to inhibit half (50%) of the infection.

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                         Neutralization Titer (μg/ml) of Recombinant Conglutinin                     and Native Conglutinin on Influenza A Viruses                                  Virus        Recombinant Conglutinin                                                                       Native Conglutinin                                 ______________________________________                                         A/Ibaraki/1/90(H3N2)                                                                        0.22-0.63      0.08                                               A/Suita/1/89(HIN1)                                                                          0.31           nt*                                                ______________________________________                                          *Not tested.                                                             

EXAMPLE 7 Viral Growth (Infection Spread) Inhibition Activities

(1) Viruses

Influenza A virus, namely, Influenza A virus A/Ibaraki/1/90 (H3N2:Influenza A virus (A Hong Kong)) was used.

(2) Viral Growth (Infection Spread) Inhibition Activities

Influenza viruses were inoculated onto Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells in which the cells were cultured in 24-well microtiter plates with the Eagle MEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After washing the cells, they were incubated for three days in the growth medium for the influenza virus containing 0.5% tragacanth gum (Sigma) and any of 0, 1 and 2 μg/ml recombinant conglutinin. Like the procedure in the experiment on Neutralization Activities referred to in Example 6 (2), gross areas of the virus-infected focus were detected by PAP staining. Samples without the recombinant conglutinin were used as control. Results are shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b. Obviously from the results in FIGS. 10a and 10b, the recombinant conglutinin reduces the area of the infected focus in a dose dependent manner and inhibits the viral growth.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the present invention, means for artificially producing the large amount of the recombinant conglutinin can be realized wherein the recombinant conglutinin maintain the equivalent physiological activities to be expressed by the native conglutinin obtained with extremely low yield from the animal (bovine). Since the recombinant conglutinin of the present invention maintains the equivalent physiological activities to be expressed by the native conglutinin, its usefulness as a medicine will also be expected. Then, the recombinant conglutinin of the present invention is a part of the native conglutinin and have less molecular weight in comparison it with the native conglutinin, therefore, purification thereof will become smoother and advantages may offer in its manufacturing process.

    __________________________________________________________________________     #             SEQUENCE LISTING                                                 - <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 6                                                - <210> SEQ ID NO 1                                                            <211> LENGTH: 351                                                              <212> TYPE: PRT                                                                <213> ORGANISM: Bovine                                                         - <400> SEQUENCE: 1                                                            - Ala Glu Met Thr Thr Phe Ser Gln Lys Ile Le - #u Ala Asn Ala Cys Thr          #                 15                                                           - Leu Val Met Cys Ser Pro Leu Glu Ser Gly Le - #u Pro Gly His Asp Gly          #             30                                                               - Gln Asp Gly Arg Glu Cys Pro His Gly Glu Ly - #s Gly Asp Pro Gly Ser          #         45                                                                   - Pro Gly Pro Ala Gly Arg Ala Gly Arg Pro Gl - #y Trp Val Gly Pro Ile          #     60                                                                       - Gly Pro Lys Gly Asp Asn Gly Phe Val Gly Gl - #u Pro Gly Pro Lys Gly          # 80                                                                           - Asp Thr Gly Pro Arg Gly Pro Pro Gly Met Pr - #o Gly Pro Ala Gly Arg          #                 95                                                           - Glu Gly Pro Ser Gly Lys Gln Gly Ser Met Gl - #y Pro Pro Gly Thr Pro          #           110                                                                - Gly Pro Lys Gly Glu Thr Gly Pro Lys Gly Gl - #y Val Gly Ala Pro Gly          #       125                                                                    - Ile Gln Gly Phe Pro Gly Pro Ser Gly Leu Ly - #s Gly Glu Lys Gly Ala          #   140                                                                        - Pro Gly Glu Thr Gly Ala Pro Gly Arg Ala Gl - #y Val Thr Gly Pro Ser          145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -        #60                                                                            - Gly Ala Ile Gly Pro Gln Gly Pro Ser Gly Al - #a Arg Gly Pro Pro Gly          #               175                                                            - Leu Lys Gly Asp Arg Gly Asp Pro Gly Glu Th - #r Gly Ala Ser Gly Glu          #           190                                                                - Ser Gly Leu Ala Glu Val Asn Ala Leu Lys Gl - #n Arg Val Thr Ile Leu          #       205                                                                    - Asp Gly His Leu Arg Arg Phe Gln Asn Ala Ph - #e Ser Gln Tyr Lys Lys          #   220                                                                        - Ala Val Leu Phe Pro Asp Gly Gln Ala Val Gl - #y Glu Lys Ile Phe Lys          225                 2 - #30                 2 - #35                 2 -        #40                                                                            - Thr Ala Gly Ala Val Lys Ser Tyr Ser Asp Al - #a Glu Gln Leu Cys Arg          #               255                                                            - Glu Ala Lys Gly Gln Leu Ala Ser Pro Arg Se - #r Ser Ala Glu Asn Glu          #           270                                                                - Ala Val Thr Gln Met Val Arg Ala Gln Glu Ly - #s Asn Ala Tyr Leu Ser          #       285                                                                    - Met Asn Asp Ile Ser Thr Glu Gly Arg Phe Th - #r Tyr Pro Thr Gly Glu          #   300                                                                        - Ile Leu Val Tyr Ser Asn Trp Ala Asp Gly Gl - #u Pro Asn Asn Ser Asp          305                 3 - #10                 3 - #15                 3 -        #20                                                                            - Glu Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Cys Val Glu Ile Ph - #e Pro Asp Gly Lys Trp          #               335                                                            - Asn Asp Val Pro Cys Ser Lys Gln Leu Leu Va - #l Ile Cys Glu Phe              #           350                                                                - <210> SEQ ID NO 2                                                            <211> LENGTH: 171                                                              <212> TYPE: PRT                                                                <213> ORGANISM: Bovine                                                         - <400> SEQUENCE: 2                                                            - Gly Leu Pro Gly His Asp Gly Gln Asp Gly Ar - #g Glu Cys Pro His Gly          #                 15                                                           - Glu Lys Gly Asp Pro Gly Ser Pro Gly Pro Al - #a Gly Arg Ala Gly Arg          #             30                                                               - Pro Gly Trp Val Gly Pro Ile Gly Pro Lys Gl - #y Asp Asn Gly Phe Val          #         45                                                                   - Gly Glu Pro Gly Pro Lys Gly Asp Thr Gly Pr - #o Arg Gly Pro Pro Gly          #     60                                                                       - Met Pro Gly Pro Ala Gly Arg Glu Gly Pro Se - #r Gly Lys Gln Gly Ser          # 80                                                                           - Met Gly Pro Pro Gly Thr Pro Gly Pro Lys Gl - #y Glu Thr Gly Pro Lys          #                 95                                                           - Gly Gly Val Gly Ala Pro Gly Ile Gln Gly Ph - #e Pro Gly Pro Ser Gly          #           110                                                                - Leu Lys Gly Glu Lys Gly Ala Pro Gly Glu Th - #r Gly Ala Pro Gly Arg          #       125                                                                    - Ala Gly Val Thr Gly Pro Ser Gly Ala Ile Gl - #y Pro Gln Gly Pro Ser          #   140                                                                        - Gly Ala Arg Gly Pro Pro Gly Leu Lys Gly As - #p Arg Gly Asp Pro Gly          145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -        #60                                                                            - Glu Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly Glu Ser Gly Leu Al - #a                              #               170                                                            - <210> SEQ ID NO 3                                                            <211> LENGTH: 3                                                                <212> TYPE: PRT                                                                <213> ORGANISM: Bovine                                                         <220> FEATURE:                                                                 <221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT                                                        <222> LOCATION: (2)                                                            <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is a protein-constitu - #ting amino acid          <220> FEATURE:                                                                 <221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT                                                        <222> LOCATION: (3)                                                            <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is a protein-constitu - #ting amino acid          - <400> SEQUENCE: 3                                                            - Gly Xaa Xaa                                                                    1                                                                            - <210> SEQ ID NO 4                                                            <211> LENGTH: 28                                                               <212> TYPE: DNA                                                                <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence                                            <220> FEATURE:                                                                 #Sequence: synthetic DNA Description of Artificial                             - <400> SEQUENCE: 4                                                            #             28   tggg cttgcaga                                               - <210> SEQ ID NO 5                                                            <211> LENGTH: 28                                                               <212> TYPE: DNA                                                                <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence                                            <220> FEATURE:                                                                 #Sequence: Synthetic DNA Description of Artificial                             - <400> SEQUENCE: 5                                                            #             28   cgca gatcacaa                                               - <210> SEQ ID NO 6                                                            <211> LENGTH: 161                                                              <212> TYPE: PRT                                                                <213> ORGANISM: Bovine                                                         <220> FEATURE:                                                                 <221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT                                                        <222> LOCATION: (2)                                                            <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is a protein-constitu - #ting amino acid          <220> FEATURE:                                                                 <221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT                                                        <222> LOCATION: (3)                                                            <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is a protein-constitu - #ting amino acid          <220> FEATURE:                                                                 <221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT                                                        <222> LOCATION: (5)                                                            <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is a protein-constitu - #ting amino acid          <220> FEATURE:                                                                 <221> NAME/KEY: VARIANT                                                        <222> LOCATION: (6)                                                            <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa is a protein-constitu - #ting amino acid          - <400> SEQUENCE: 6                                                            - Gly Xaa Xaa Gly Xaa Xaa Glu Val Asn Ala Le - #u Lys Gln Arg Val Thr          #                 15                                                           - Ile Leu Asp Gly His Leu Arg Arg Phe Gln As - #n Ala Phe Ser Gln Tyr          #             30                                                               - Lys Lys Ala Val Leu Phe Pro Asp Gly Gln Al - #a Val Gly Glu Lys Ile          #         45                                                                   - Phe Lys Thr Ala Gly Ala Val Lys Ser Tyr Se - #r Asp Ala Glu Gln Leu          #     60                                                                       - Cys Arg Glu Ala Lys Gly Gln Leu Ala Ser Pr - #o Arg Ser Ser Ala Glu          # 80                                                                           - Asn Glu Ala Val Thr Gln Met Val Arg Ala Gl - #n Glu Lys Asn Ala Tyr          #                 95                                                           - Leu Ser Met Asn Asp Ile Ser Thr Glu Gly Ar - #g Phe Thr Tyr Pro Thr          #           110                                                                - Gly Glu Ile Leu Val Tyr Ser Asn Trp Ala As - #p Gly Glu Pro Asn Asn          #       125                                                                    - Ser Asp Glu Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Cys Val Gl - #u Ile Phe Pro Asp Gly          #   140                                                                        - Lys Trp Asn Asp Val Pro Cys Ser Lys Gln Le - #u Leu Val Ile Cys Glu          145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -        #60                                                                            - Phe                                                                          __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. Recombinant conglutinin comprising a collagen region having two units of the amino acid sequence of Gly-Xaa-Xaa (SEQ ID No. 3), a neck region of the native conglutinin and a carbohydrate recognition domain of the native conglutinin,wherein Xaa is a protein-constituting amino acid, and wherein said recombinant conglutinin is an expression product of a gene fragment that is obtainable by a method that comprises amplifying native conglutinin cDNA via polymerase chain reaction using two primers consisting of the nucleic acid sequences set out in SEQ ID Nos. 4 and 5 to obtain amplification products, and digesting the amplification products with the restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI.
 2. A method for producing the recombinant conglutinin comprising the steps of:(a) preparing amplification products from native conglutinin cDNA via polymerase chain reaction using two primers consisting of the nucleic acid sequences set out in SEQ ID Nos. 4 and 5, (b) digesting said amplification products with the restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI, (c) inserting said digested amplification products into a vector, (d) obtaining transformants by introducing said vector into a host, (e) incubating said transformants in an appropriate medium, (f) infecting said incubated transformants with phage, and (g) collecting recombinant conglutinin from the phage-infected transformants, wherein said recombinant conglutinin comprises a collagen region having two units of the amino acid sequence of Gly-Xaa-Xaa (SEQ ID No. 3), a neck region of the native conglutinin and a carbohydrate recognition domain of the native conglutinin, and wherein Xaa is a protein-constituting amino acid.
 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said host is Escherichia coli JM109.
 4. A purified polypeptide comprising a fragment of a conglutinin protein, said fragment having an amino acid sequence consisting of amino acids 191 to 351 of SEQ ID No.
 1. 5. A purified polypeptide comprising a fragment of a conglutinin protein, said fragment having an amino acid sequence consisting of SEQ ID No.
 6. 6. A method of making a polypeptide that comprises a fragment of a conglutinin protein, said method comprising the steps of:(a) culturing a host cell transformed with an expression vector that contains a nucleotide sequence that encodes a polypeptide that comprises a fragment of a conglutinin protein, said fragment consisting of amino acids 191 to 351 of SEQ ID No. 1; and (b) collecting said polypeptide from said cells.
 7. A method of making a polypeptide that comprises a fragment of a conglutinin protein, said method comprising the steps of:(a) culturing a host cell transformed with an expression vector that contains a nucleotide sequence that encodes a polypeptide that comprises a fragment of a conglutinin protein, said fragment consisting of SEQ ID No. 6; and (b) collecting said polypeptide from said cells.
 8. A purified polypeptide comprising a fragment of native conglutinin, said fragment consisting of a collagen region of the native conglutinin consisting of two units of the amino acid sequence Gly-Xaa-Xaa, wherein Xaa is a protein-constituting amino acid, a neck region of the native conglutinin, and a carbohydrate recognition domain of the native conglutinin, andwherein said fragment is encoded by a conglutinin gene fragment that is obtained by a method comprising the steps of: (a) amplifying a portion of a cDNA that encodes a native conglutinin via polymerase chain reaction with primers having the nucleotide sequences set forth in SEQ ID Nos: 4 and 5 to obtain amplification products; and (b) digesting the amplification products with the restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI.
 9. Recombinant conglutinin comprising a fragment of a conglutinin protein consisting of a collagen region consisting of two units of the amino acid sequence of Gly-Xaa-Xaa (SEQ ID No. 3), a neck region of the native conglutinin, and a carbohydrate recognition domain of the native conglutinin, wherein Xaa is a protein-constituting amino acid, and wherein said neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain collectively correspond to amino acids 197 to 351 of SEQ ID No.
 1. 10. A method for producing the recombinant conglutinin of claim 9 comprising the steps of:(a) preparing amplification products using polymerase chain reaction to amplify bovine conglutinin cDNA with use of two primers consisting of the nucleic acid sequences set out in SEQ ID Nos. 4 and 5, (b) digesting said amplification products to obtain a digested amplification product that encodes said fragment of a conglutinin protein, (c) inserting the digested amplification products into a vector, (d) obtaining transformants by introducing said vector into a host cell, (e) incubating said transformants in an appropriate medium, and (f) collecting recombinant conglutinin produced by said transformants.
 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said host is Escherichia coli.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said Escherichia coli strain is JM109.
 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein said vector is pRSET-A.
 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said transformants incubated in an appropriate medium in step (e) are infected with phage, and said recombinant conglutinin is collected from the phage-infected transformants.
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein said phage is M13/T7. 